The new energy vehicles melee uneven pattern of increasing the size of the participating enterprises
Besides a large Automotive Group, which are joint ventures, private companies engaged in research and development of new energy technologies, vehicles, currently a number of very smalllaptop.net/"> companies are involved, the pattern of local new energy vehicles infighting is getting worse.
Accelerate Konkurrierender companies, new energy
28. December by the FAW Group, Jilin University, Changchun, New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. Li-ion source 23 research institutions such as the composition of the new energy automotive industry in Jilin Province, Alliance, whose main responsibility is with the new energy automotive industry into a aim to strengthen the key core components of the new energy vehicle development.
The next day, Shanghai Automotive, said president Chen Hong in a media interview, SAIC clear goal: in 2010, a comprehensive fuel-efficient 20% of the Roewe 750 in the mixed hybrid cars will be Dell Inspiron 6000 battery， Dell Inspiron 6400 battery，Dell Inspiron 700m batterymass market, in 2012 more than 50% of energy - the Roewe 550 plug-in cars will be available in sufficient quantities large mixing; in the same year, SAIC is pushing its own brand of pure electric cars to market to achieve zero emissions.
This month, SAIC also has a new battery and the specialized U.S. co-construction of the A123 Czech Shanghai New Power Battery System Co., Ltd., in automotive battery development, production and sales.
At the same time, are pitching in the bus company, Jiangsu Golden Dragon Bus has announced that starting from January 2010 will include two projects of new energy vehicles: First, Machinery Institute in collaboration with Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University has been implemented - the sea Georgia Institute of New Energy Bus, professional development of all types of vehicles, new energy, second, Suzhou and Chong Yuan Investment & Development Corporation and the Suzhou Industrial Park Administrative Committee in collaboration with "Haig new energy electric company" as a production base goal is to by 2015, an annual production capacity in Suzhou, 3000 buses all kinds of new energy capacity and industrial chain.
18. December, Chung-Tai cars and Putian New Energy Power Co., CNOOC, a strategic partnership, both sides will be in a pure electric vehicles, to conduct a comprehensive cooperation in the field. From the Thai population in all series of auto-focus on the development of pure electric vehicles, Putian CNOOC focus on the development of new energy-supply security. Public Motors was founded in 2003 and is a private enterprise in Zhejiang Province is based.
The energy giant in the promotion of the construction of new energy vehicles
Thailand signed with the public Putian Sea oil, is the central company CNOOC and China Putian set up co-financing of new energy required electric cars energy network of professional operators of the electric vehicles that promote energy network operators, the industrial development of electric vehicles.
Putian Sea oil is not the only one involved in large-scale energy company in the energy industry. 28. December, have China Southern Power Grid Construction in Shenzhen, the first electric car charging stations built and put into operation, the complete opening of two loading stations, 134 survey clusters is understood, which may include a charging station 12 Electromagnetic vehicle fee. Guangdong Provincial Price Bureau has approved the payment of the charging standard unit price of electricity during the day time 1.0064 Yuan Gu (23 clock until clock 7) battery charger is only 0.2495 yuan.
28. December signed the Beijing Municipal Government and China National Petroleum into a strategic cooperation framework agreement.
29. December, Shaanxi Province, State Grid Power Company Marketing Director Ko Young-nam, said the national grid company next year will be in construction in Xi'an, four electric car charging stations and invest 200 free clusters.
Previously, the message is that the executives of Sinopec Group, based in Beijing Automotive Holdings, both in the new energy vehicles, and other areas.
Three energy giants and Power Group, a collective made in new energy vehicle market, the market a clear indication - at the national level to promote new energy vehicles will be accelerated. Energy giants in the new energy vehicles are involved in supporting facilities, will greatly accelerate the promotion of new energy technologies and application of vehicle speed.
Pattern undercurrent increasing melee
Domestic companies, new energy vehicles for the industrial development of a large crowd in the mass production effect of attitude that almost all car makes and groups are in the new energy projects, such as melee pattern behind the worries and technical bottlenecks not hidden from any company involved can be a breakthrough.
First, the state of technology is not yet mature enough to be above all the stability and security of the battery further improved. Bosch Chairman Franz-Run creek has said that the development of new energy technologies will be abolished in view of the road vehicles. Reduce the basis of the recent 2020, the carbon dioxide emissions Dell Inspiron 9200 battery， Dell Inspiron 9300 battery， Dell Inspiron 9400 batteryand improve energy efficiency, is the best way to improve the combustion, while other technologies are not mature enough. In the year 2020 will enter the new energy of the hybrid cars of age, and then enter the era of electric vehicles. Automotive battery research and development work has epoch-making significance, but the lithium-ion battery too quickly into the market is uncertain, because the larger the battery energy intensity, if the event of any problems or incidents, technological research and development will be affected perhaps even an end to battery energy markets.
Second, do not have mature technology and market environment, companies have all the cars are new cars production target of energy, referred to the new height. Auto industry analyst Jia Xinguang in an interview with the reporter, said a new energy future is more risk Qijuchanneng: "The new energy vehicles are still encouraging in the way of government subsidies for new phase, the market has not correctly begun, '10 City 1000 "aims to promote the three-year-30000th but now form a province of Shandong in 2011 for planning a production capacity of 300,000 vehicles with new energy, national demonstration areas and all major car manufacturers have their own planning, is the country roughly Register in order to build capacity in around one million too. "
But then again, What kind of car company is in the new super-energy vehicles, this corner in the past, it is probably the best in the future in the competition will be eliminated, it has to bite the bullet on the risk that the pattern of formation of the line of scrimmage of the root. To make the industry worried, but can hardly right or wrong, true or false, can only be done by the companies themselves.
Newest Batteries is Much Better for Hybrids
Doing the math on the newest generation of lithium ion batteries suggests the latest advances in battery technology will benefit hybrid cars more than all-electric ones, one expert predicts.
Hybridcars has an excellent interview with John German, an expert on hybrid cars who worked for eleven years at Honda before becoming Senior Fellow at the International Council for Clean Transportation.
Those counting on EVs to dominate the car market better not hold their breath.
German says the next generation of lithium batteries won’t help much with electric vehicles’ number one problem: range. That’s because their primary benefit is that they can provide a greater flow of electricity — not necessarily store any more than they already do.
Price Per Kilowatt Hour to Fall
German predicted with the mass production of lithium batteries, the price should fall from about $700-1000 per kilowatt hour to $250 or below (the Chevy Volt has a 16 kilowatt lithium ion battery).
But lower prices don’t make German bullish on EVs. Instead, expect to see conventional hybrids come to dominate the car market. German sees hybrids making up around 70% of the car Dell Latitude D830 battery，Dell Latitude X1 battery，Dell XPS M1210 battery，Dell XPS M140 batterymarket by 2025-2030 — in other words, hybrid sales will double every three to five years.
And electrics? “At $250 per kilowatt-hour, the pay back is roughly similar to the hybrid vehicles of about five years ago. So there’s your market, about 3 percent.”
One caveat however: while price is the number one most important factor in the mass adoption of EVs, there may be one incentive missing from German’s calculations: not having to go the gas station. Beyond having to pay for gasoline (which is already figured into German’s predictions), the psychological benefit of being freed from the tyranny of the gas station may give EVs an added bump in sales.
Introduction of electric vans
By the Polytechnic University of Hong Kong and Hong Kong developed by local manufacturers producing electric cars "MyCar" has officially started selling to more widely promote the electric car, Hong Kong Polytechnic University is planning to launch early next year Three trucks of small appliances and electric sightseeing car.
According to media reports in Hong Kong, Hong Kong, held recently in Hollywood Plaza exhibition of electric cars in five different colors of "MyCar" and their parts. The car involved in the development of the Polytechnic University of Hong Kong, Department of Electrical Engineering, Professor Zheng-Wei Jia said that today's launch, market "MyCar", promoted by lead acid batteries, there is no air-conditioning equipment, car set up only two seats up to 64 km per hour, cost 9.7 million, primarily for the European market.
He said that to meet local market needs, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University is developing an improved version of the engine MyCar improve the electric car, and enhance the performance and battery life, and will be upgraded to a speed of 80-100 km, reaching speeds of private cars in general level, the car will set up four seats and air-conditioning unit of lithium leads to cost 15 million, scheduled for first quarter next year for the second quarter.
Jia-Wei Zheng said it plans to launch early next year, three lorriesVGP-BPS8, VGP-BPS8A, ,VGP-BPS8B small appliances and electric sightseeing car. Pick for the mainland market, the maximum speed of 30 kilometers, and load up to 300 kg for a particular set of merchandise for patrol.
lead poisoning
At least 44 children and some adults in Qingyuan city, Guangdong Province have tested positive for lead poisoning and the suspected cause is a battery factory located about 25 meters away from their homes.
The factory regularly discharges excess waste but theVGP-BPS8, VGP-BPS8A, ,VGP-BPS8B results were alarming to many residents.
Tests showed 10-month-old Yang Xiaopeng, a boy, has 550 micrograms of lead per liter of blood, five times higher than the acceptable limit of 100 micrograms.
Common symptoms such as spots on the teeth, moody temperament, fidgeting, vulnerability to illnesses such as colds were present among these children.
The problem was uncovered about nine months ago when a child with a cough went to the hospital for treatment and was found with excess lead in the blood. Other families later sent their children for tests and a three-month old infant was found to have 130 micrograms of lead per liter of blood.
The factory was ordered to stop operation Saturday after a test on Friday by the local environmental authority proved that factory discharge had exceeded the standard, Guangzhou Daily reported Sunday
The city government formed an emergency team to look into the case. The environmental protection bureau will test the surrounding soil, water and air, the report said.
The government may consider relocating the residential area or the polluting factories in the Yinyuan Industrial Zone, where the battery factory is located, a bureau staff He Guoxiong said.
An earlier report by Nanfang Daily said Yu Mengzhi, legal representative of the factory, said that their discharges were within limit.
But residents said the number of victims could grow if all of the 500 still living near the factory were tested. More than 100 families went to get tested and some adults, such as 30-year-old Cai Lan, were found with a high level of lead in their blood.
Resident Ye Mulan said her parents suffered VGP-BPS9 ,, VGP-BPS9/B, VGP-BPS9/S , VGP-BPS9A, VGP-BPS9A/Ba soar throat, aching nose and itching after staying in her house for about 20 days.
But it is not known how many adults have a lead problem.
Some residents said factories discharge wastes in the evening. More than one factory in the zone was found to be operating at night in order to avoid official inspection, the report said.
Some 221 residents have sent a public letter with test reports of the sick children in October, but no official action was taken until November 26 when they sent another letter.
The local government promised to cover medical bills for those with a high level lead in their blood. But parents are worried about the side effects of medicine.
Yang Tianliang, a father, said the medicine used to lower lead will cause zinc and calcium deficiency, which was proven by 2-year-old Xu Ping, who developed a zinc deficiency after taking the easy battery medicine for a month.
"To root out lead poisoning, the only option is to leave the environment," a pediatrician surnamed Zhong from Guang-zhou told the Global Times.
Apple Travels Down Under to Shop Mysterious Tablet
If the rumored Apple tablet isn't the greatest thing since Gutenberg's printing press, we'll all be terribly disappointed. The mythical device — which may or may not be an oversized iPod, a newfangled apple iBook G4 12 inch battery， apple iBook G4 14 inch battery， apple MacBook 13 inch batterynetbook, a Kindle killer, or a newspaper savior — is the Loch Ness Monster of high tech: a debated, mythical creature that appears only in blurry photos from dubious sources.
Today's obligatory tablet rumor comes from the Sydney Morning Herald's Asher Moses, who reports that Apple is in talks with media outlets in Australia:
"Apple has sent specifications of the device to Australian media companies in an effort to sound out whether they would be interested in delivering their content to the tablet. None would speak about the device on the record," Moses writes.
The Sydney report reaffirms popular wisdom concerning the tablet's shape and size: It's a slate-like device that fits in a backpack, briefcase, or handbag — but not in your pocket. It's a media player, Web browser, and e-book reader — but not a full-fledged laptop.
The bad news: It won't appear until next year. Earlier rumors, some as recent as August, had predicted a November launch for the tablet, but all signs now indicate otherwise. Gizmodo reported Tuesday that Apple's product lineup is set for the 2009 holiday season. If true, the Magic Mouse — not the tablet — will be the cleverest device to scurry out of Cupertino by Xmas.
Still don't believe the Apple tablet is real? Check out my colleague Ian Paul's account of a speech by New York Times' executive editor Bill Keller, who may have inadvertently preannounced the Apple tablet during a mid-October talk with the Times' digital staff.
Personally, I'm very curious as to how Apple will price the tablet. If it turns out to be a consumer electronics device, rumored prices in the $800 range seem far too high. How much would you pay?
Battery Discharge methods
The purpose of the battery storage and release of energy in a controlled manner at the appropriate time. In this section, we examine the different C-discharge rate and evaluation of the depth of which the battery can be safely discharged from hospital. We also observe how deep discharges affect battery life.
What is C - rate?
Charging and discharging of the battery current measurements in C - the rate. Most portable batteries rated voltage of integrated circuits. This means that, 1000 mAh battery will provide a one-hour 1000 milliamperes if the 1C-rate discharge. The same batteries -0.5 ℃ discharge will provide 500mA for two hours. In 2C, the 1000mAh batterytoshiba PA3285U-1BRS battery， toshiba PA3285U-2BRS battery， toshiba PA3285U-3BRS battery can only provide 30 minutes of 2000 milliamperes. 1C is usually referred to as one-hour discharge; 1 -0.5 ℃ will be a two-hour, and 0.1 ℃ 10 Xiaoshi discharge.
The battery capacity is usually the battery meter. If the tester the ability to read out the name displayed in the percentage of score, 100%, indicating that if a 1000mAh battery can provide such a current of 1 hour. If the battery is only 30 minutes before cutting off a sustained, 50% of that. Sometimes a new battery offers more than 100% capacity.
When the discharge of the battery analyzer, which allows setting of different discharge dirty rate, higher-capacity battery is reading an observation, if the battery discharge to a lower C-rate, and vice versa. 2C, through fulfilling the 1000mAh battery, or 2 thousand milliamperes, resulting in size analyzer within 30 minutes of full capacity. In theory, reading ability, should be the same discharge slowly, because the same amount of energy dispensed only in a relatively short time. Due to internal energy loss and voltage drop, causing the battery to achieve low-voltage cut off faster reading skills may be reduced to 95%. -0.5 ℃ in the discharge in the same cell, or 500mA over two hours to improve the reading skills of approximately 105%. With different reading ability differences in rates of C is the battery internal resistance.
A battery, does not perform to 1C discharge rate is the portable sealed lead-acid. To get a fairly good reading skills, the manufacturer is usually the rate of 0.05C or 20 hours, the battery discharge. Even in this slow discharge rate of 100% of the capacity is very difficult to achieve. In order to compensate for the different readings of different discharge currents, manufacturers offer the ability to offset. Use the correct offset reading ability improve battery performance, it is only the calculation of adjustment ability, if higher emissions, lower C, or below the stipulated ratio.
Lithium-ion battery of electronic protection against high load currents. According to battery type, discharge limited to between 1C and 2C,. This protection makes the lithium-ion bio-medical equipment and power tools, require a high surge current inappropriate.
Depth of discharge
In the end of discharge voltage of typical nickel-based batteries 1V/cell. In the voltage level, approximately 99% is used for energy and voltage began to decline rapidly, if it continues to perform. Beyond the cut off voltage of discharge must be avoided, especially at high load.
As the battery cells can not completely match, a negative voltage potential, also known as cell reversal, the country will appear weak cells, if allowed to continue unchecked emissions. The more batteries in series, the greater the likelihood of cell reversal.
Nickel-cadmium battery can tolerate a reversal, which is typically about 0.2V to. During this period, the positive electrode polarity reversal. This situation can only be maintained for a short period of time, because the positive evolution of hydrogen and possibly lead to pressures to build up cells exhaust. If the battery voltage is reversed into the further, the two electrode polarity is reversed, the cells generated by short circuit. Such failures can not be corrected.
Some battery analyzers apply secondary discharge (renovation) of the battery voltage discharge to a very low voltage cut-off point. These instruments control the discharge current in order to ensure the maximum allowable current, while in the sub-discharge range, does not exceed safe limits. If the cell reversal of development, will be low enough not to cause harm. Cells through the refurbishment of the figures may be a weak or aged pack.
If the battery discharge rate higher than 1C, the final discharge point of the nickel-based batteries are usually reduced to 0.9V/cell. The compensation from the induced cell internal resistance voltage drop, wiring, protection devices and contacts. The lower cut-off point of the ability to produce good readings when the battery discharge at low temperatures.
In the chemical batteries, nickel-cadmium is least affected by repeated full discharge cycles. Thousands of charge / discharge cycle is possible. This is why nickel-cadmium done well, for power tools and two-way radio, the regular use. Nickel-metal hydride less durable in repeated deep-cycle.
Lithium-ion batteries are usually discharged into the 3.0V/cell. Version of spinel and coke can be discharged into the 2.5V/cell to get a few percentage points. As equipment manufacturers do not specify the battery type, most equipment is designed to cut off 3 volts.
2.5V/cell emissions may fall below the battery protection circuit to sleep, to prevent ordinary charger. These batteries can be recovered with the step-up program cadex c7000 chassis toshiba PA3383U-1BRS battery， toshiba PA3395U-1BRS battery， toshiba PA3399U-1BAS batterySeries battery analyzer available.
Some lithium-ion battery has an ultra-low voltage cut off, permanently disconnect package, if a cell dips below 1.5V. A very deep discharge may lead to the segregation of copper to form a short circuit may lead to partial or total. Similarly, if there is battery-powered to the cathode, and in the state to maintain for some time.
Manufacturers rate of 80% of the lithium-ion batteries depth of discharge. Repeat All (100%) of waste emissions, reduce the specified cycle count. It is therefore recommended rechargeable lithium-ion more often rather than letting them take the fall too low. On a regular basis without a comprehensive disarmament, because the lithium-ion battery is not affected by the memory.
The proposal, eventually leading to the discharge voltage acid 1.75V/cell. Dismissal of nickel and lithium that do not follow the preferred flat curve-based chemicals. On the contrary, lead-acid with a rapid decline in the discharge end of the voltage is gradually decreased.
In the life of sealed lead-acid is directly related to depth of discharge. A typical number of discharge / charge at 25 ° C (77 ° f With regard to the depth of discharge) cycle is:
150 - 200 100 Discharge (fully discharge% depth of cycle)
400 - 500 50 discharge (partial discharge% deep cycle)
1000 and more than 30 discharges (% shallow depth of discharge cycle)
Must not emit more than lead-acid batteries per unit 1.75V, and should not be in the discharge state. A discharge lead to cell acid sulfate, a condition so that the battery is useless, if left a few days in the state. Always maintained at 2.10V and higher open terminal voltage.
Discharge current and the load signature
Rechargeable battery is tolerant wide range of load signatures. In the cycle of life, constant current discharge conditions, is superior to digital loads. Figure 1 reveals a cycle of nickel-metal battery for laptop hydride battery provides a number of different load conditions. Can be seen that the greatest loss of capacity in the digital load, such as mobile phones. Increase the resistance of the main reasons for premature failure.
What constitutes a discharge cycle?
Does not constitute a discharge cycle of standard definition. Smart battery discharge cycle commonly used to keep track of the 70% discharge depth of the definition of discharge cycles. Any less than 70%, does not count. The reason is that the cycle count is estimated at the end of battery life.
A battery often receives many short-term emission of charge. With the smart battery, these cycles does not count, because they stress the battery very small. In the satellite, the depth of discharge, only about 10%. This micro-discharge cycle the batteries in the smallest space, the stress. Light emission, however, nickel-based batteries require regular deep discharge to eliminate memory.
Lithium batteries and lead batteries do not need to fully implement a regular basis. In fact, it is best not to carry out their deep, but they charge more often. Use a larger battery is one way to reduce the pressure on the battery.
A joint venture to build vehicle battery systems
Shanghai Automotive (NYSE 600104.SH) with the U.S. A123 (NYSE NASDAQ: Aone), 12 Yue 17 jointly announced that the two sides of the shares in accordance with a ratio of 51:49, the eIBM ThinkPad T43 battery，IBM ThinkPad T60 batterystablishment of Shanghai Czech Republic, New Power Battery Systems Co., Ltd. to jointly develop car battery power systems and provide technical services and other after-sales service. Industry sources say the move is a key component of the new energy in China Auto industrialization breakthrough.
A123 in 2001, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), was created lithium iron phosphate battery technology in the leading NASDAQ-listed companies. A123 annual production of hundreds of tons of cathode material powders and millions of primary batteries, and in the U.S. federal government, state government and Michigan Department of technologically advanced energy, automotive support incentive programs, the creation of a world-class large-scale lithium-ion battery production capacity and batteries.
The newly established Shanghai Czech New Power Battery Systems Co., Ltd. will focus on batteries, battery management, electrical balance of capital equipment, sensors and other components of professional development, the introduction of integrated storage solutions power system. Shanghai Automotive Industry,easy batttery President Chen Hong said: the worldwide trend towards the electric vehicle is irreversible, auto companies should flow, take the opportunity to prepare for these radical changes.
Name and Constructure of Zinc-manganese battery
Structure and characteristics
1. Cylindrical zinc-manganese batteries
Type cylindrical zinc-manganese batteries in the isolation of the different materials can be divided into cardboard paste-type cells and batteries. Paste manganese batteries or batteries zinc-normal type, battery board to differences in the composition of the formulations of different electrical properties, is divided into C-(or ammonium type), the piles of cardboard (also known as high-capacity battery), and P-type (or zinc type) fiber cells (also known as high-power batteries).
Pasta type battery which is the traditional zinc manganese batteries, the cathode material with a low activity of natural manganese dioxide, insulation material is starch and flour insulating paste layer, the electrolyte is H4CL mainly ammonium chloride, zinc chloride aqueous solution, the negative electrode is zinc cylinder, the poor overall performance of your bottom discharge capacity of the easy life of the battery to drain, but the price is cheaper, more suitable for small intermittent streams and download times, as for radio, flashlight, etc..
C-board battery is the battery on the paste on the base layer of paper pulp instead of using paper tape, not just positive increased by 30% of filler content, but with 30-70% of the high VGP-BPS10,,VGP-BPS10A,VGP-BPS10A/B,VGP-BPS10Bactivity of manganese in place of natural manganese, so the capacity will increase the use of scope could be expanded and used to sometimes low discharge current, such as clocks, remote controls, radios, flashlights and other occasions.
P-board battery using zinc chloride-based electrolyte, the cathode material used in all activities of high manganese dust, such as manganese, manganese and assets leak proof performance, much larger than the type of pulp and C-type batteries, often used for high power continuous discharge, such as cameras, flash setting, tape recorders, shavers, electric toys.
2. Cylindrical alkaline battery
Cylindrical alkaline zinc-manganese batteries, also known as alkali-manganese batteries, commonly known as the alkaline zinc manganese series battery, performance is the best variety. The shell has generally 08F nickel-plated steel is made by cold pressing at the same time serve as cathode current collector, electrolytic manganese dioxide as cathode material pressed into the ring closure to the cylinder wall to ensure good contact, the negative use of powder made of zinc tablets, and pastes, in the midst of the battery, the negative current collector inserted (usually negative Brass Nails), set the bottom of the fluid and connected to negative the battery inside the cathode to the gap between the layer (separation) separated from its external use nylon or polypropylene ring off, while achieving a sealed battery, the battery outside the battery is almost the same with the general.
Although the cylindrical alkaline zinc-manganese battery rated voltage of the battery the same as the ordinary, are 1.5 volts, but because the structure of alkaline batteries used in the normal versus the electrode structure, increases the relative size between the positive and negative electrodes, and high electrical conductivity of potassium hydroxide solution replaces the ammonium chloride, zinc chloride solution, the zinc anode can also be changed by the blade in a grainy, increase the reaction surface of the negative electrode, combined with the use of a high performance powder manganese, electric mode can profile greatly improve performance and, in general, the same type of alkaline manganese batteries are standard battery capacity and discharge time of 3.7 times greater gap between the two low-temperature properties, alkali-manganese battery is best suited to carry large current and demanding continuous operating voltage of the electricity sometimes, especially for the camera, the flash set, razor, toys driving machine CD control high power distance and so on.
plain conductive coating made paper into battery
There is a silver nanowires with carbon nanotubes with the composition of the paper batteries, can do for the portable device applications; study and claimed that, with this new battery is a disposable type can also produce according to the needs of different devices into a variety of shapes.
R & D in the battery Stanford University Dell Latitude D800 battery， Dell Latitude D810 battery， Dell Latitude D820 batter(StanfordUniversity) Assistant Professor of Materials Science and Engineering YiCui his team, showing that can be applied to include the super capacitor (supercapacitors) to low-cost electrode
Battery parts and other conductive coating; Cui said that a few years the technology will be able to import a commercial.
Cui said: "The paper can now be used as a substrate to create functional conductive electrode;"; his research team developed conductive paper made of a carbon nanotubes and silver nanowires containing a special nano-ink solution to coating; the kinds of paint will form a one-dimensional structure of the film, adhesion in the fibrous paper surface.
Post-doctoral researcher at Stanford University with a special ink coating BingHu ordinary paper, so that the ink inside the nanotubes deposited on the paper surface, to create a battery-coated paper after the paper will become a reservoir of high conductivity electrical components, The researchers will be followed by its plans to start charging LED; the kinds of batteries can store a charge, better than capacitors, although its current per unit of time (currentperunitoftime) are less capable.
The researchers said that because of its high surface volume ratio (surface-to-volumeratio), the kinds of conductive paper also do super-capacitors for electric vehicles use; or which is part of a large array of rechargeable batteries at night storage supply network excess power, and then released during the day when the power went out redistribution.
According to Stanford researchers tested, ec808 the kinds of paper can be repeated charge and discharge battery up to 4 million times, the performance of traditional lithium-ion batteries 10 times.
Facts and possiblility
Records the hottest 25 years have all occurred since 1980, while the temperature records from 1880 have been the hottest 10 years and have emerged after 1996.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration in the Dell Latitude X1 battery，Dell XPS M1210 battery，Dell XPS M140 batterybeginning of the Industrial Revolution in 1760 when 280ppm, 2008 years have increased to 386ppm.
In 2008, the burning of fossil fuels of about 7.9 billion tons of carbon dioxide and deforestation due to low absorption of 1.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide being emitted into the atmosphere, oceans, soil and green vegetation can naturally absorb the 5 billion tons of them.
More green lights
A standard (13 watt) compact fluorescent energy saving than incandescent about 3 / 4, its entire life period can be about 200 pounds less coal generated electricity. Light-emitting diodes are entering the market longer then half of the electricity savings. With a 100-watt compact fluorescent lamps to replace incandescent lamps, their lifetime of saving energy for an electric hybrid Toyota Prius from New York to San Francisco.
If at home, offices, shops, factories and traffic signals on both the use of energy-saving lamps, general lighting can account for the total electricity consumption from 19% to 7%, enough to turn off the world's 2670 coal-fired power plants in the 705.
Zero Emissions Building
In the United States, commercial and residential buildings consume about 72% of the electricity, generated 38% of the carbon dioxide emissions. Worldwide, the construction industry consumed 40% of the raw material.
An old-fashioned, low-energy-efficient buildings can be reduced through energy-saving 20% to 50% of the electricity. On this basis, but also through the use of non-carbon electricity in heating, cooling and lighting. In this way, the use of a zero-carbon emissions can be realized during the period of construction will be standing up.
Wind
Stanford University, a research report pointed out that if we can develop the use of one-fifth of the planet can use wind energy, its power generation capacity will be seven times the world's current electricity consumption.
The total generating capacity of wind energy, the current world leader in the United States, followed by Germany, Spain, China and India.
Solar
Around the world in 2008, installed photovoltaic power generation jumped by about 5,600 MW, making a total generating capacity of close to 15000 MW. As the world's fastest-growing energy sources, solar cell output would grow by 45% a year, that is doubling every two years.
Economy
A 13-watt compact fluorescent lamp incandescent lamp may be the price of two times, but life expectancy is longer 10 times during its entire life can reduce the electricity consumption of about 30 U.S. dollars.
The most advanced composite prototype plug-in vehicles, the fuel consumption per kilometer is the only way to run cars in the United States the average fuel consumption of 1 / 5.
In the Andean region, mainly Dell Latitude D810 battery， Dell Latitude D820 battery， Dell Latitude D830 batteryby farmers living tallow candle lighting, while the erection of a solar cell, the use of 30 months, the average monthly expenditure would be cheaper than buying candles.
In northern Iowa, one acre of corn land, such as for installation of wind turbines, each capable of producing 300 thousand U.S. dollars worth of electricity. The same acre of land for the cultivation of corn, can be converted into 480 gallons of ethanol, worth 960 U.S. dollars.
China is in action
Given China's wind power capacity has doubled annually in the momentum of the current U.S. leadership may be difficult to maintain. The Great Plains in northwest China contains rich wind energy resources, China can easily double the capacity of the current generation. China called "wind power base" of the development project is completed, the six combinations of wind power generating capacity will reach 105 GW, equivalent to early 2008, the world's wind generating capacity.
China now has 27 million households equipped with solar water heaters, solar water heater production of about 4,000 manufacturers, the existing solar water heater solar energy collected by the equivalent of 49 coal-fired power generating capacity. Plans to 2020, China will take the current 114 million square meters of rooftop solar water heaters to 300 million square meters.
SAIC plans to launch electric cars in 2012.